Probability of Dying from a Fall

Falls are the third leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States, with lifetime odds of approximately 1 in 84 according to the National Safety Council. Falls kill more than 44,000 Americans annually and are the leading cause of injury death for adults 65 and older.

The risk of fatal falls increases dramatically with age. Adults over 75 have the highest fall death rates. Risk factors include muscle weakness, balance problems, vision impairment, medications (especially sedatives and blood pressure drugs), home hazards (loose rugs, poor lighting, lack of handrails), wet or icy surfaces, and alcohol use.

Prevention strategies for older adults include regular exercise to improve strength and balance (tai chi is especially effective), having vision checked annually, reviewing medications with a doctor, removing trip hazards at home, installing grab bars and handrails, improving lighting, wearing non-slip footwear, and using assistive devices when needed. For all ages, using ladders safely and avoiding climbing on unstable surfaces reduces risk.