Probability of Being Allergic to Insect Stings

Approximately 5% of the US population (about 16 million people) is at risk for a systemic allergic reaction to insect stings. Insect stings cause an estimated 60-70 deaths per year in the United States, though the actual number may be higher due to underreporting. Stings from bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets, and fire ants are the most common triggers.

Sting reactions range from normal local reactions (pain, swelling at the sting site) to large local reactions (extensive swelling beyond the sting site) to systemic anaphylaxis (affecting the entire body, including difficulty breathing, drop in blood pressure, and potentially death). About 3% of adults who are stung experience systemic reactions.

Venom immunotherapy (allergy shots) is highly effective for preventing severe sting reactions, reducing the risk of systemic reaction from about 60% to less than 5% in sensitized individuals. Treatment requires 3-5 years of regular injections. Despite its effectiveness, only about 2% of people with sting allergy receive immunotherapy. People with known sting allergy should carry epinephrine auto-injectors, wear medical identification, and avoid perfumes, bright clothing, and bare feet outdoors.