Probability of Being on the Autism Spectrum

The CDC's Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network reported in 2023 that approximately 1 in 36 children (2.8%) has been identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This represents a significant increase from earlier estimates (1 in 150 in 2000, 1 in 88 in 2008, 1 in 44 in 2018), largely attributed to improved awareness, broader diagnostic criteria, and better screening.

ASD is about 4 times more common in boys than girls, though this gap is narrowing as diagnostic criteria better capture how autism presents in girls. The prevalence varies by race/ethnicity, with similar rates across racial groups in the most recent data, suggesting that previous disparities were due to underdiagnosis in minority communities rather than true differences in prevalence.

ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by differences in social communication and interaction, along with restricted or repetitive behaviors and interests. About 31% of children with ASD have an intellectual disability, while many others have average or above-average intelligence. Early intervention significantly improves outcomes, with applied behavior analysis (ABA), speech therapy, and occupational therapy among the most evidence-based approaches.