Probability of Developing Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. The lifetime risk is approximately 4.1% (about 1 in 25) for both men and women combined, though men have a slightly higher risk.

Risk factors include age (most cases occur after 50), family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, a diet high in red and processed meats, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and heavy alcohol use. African Americans have the highest incidence and mortality rates among racial/ethnic groups.

Screening colonoscopy is highly effective because it can detect and remove precancerous polyps before they become cancer. The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening beginning at age 45. When detected at the localized stage, the 5-year survival rate is about 91%. Regular exercise, a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, maintaining a healthy weight, and limiting alcohol and processed meats can help reduce risk.