Probability of Developing Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia affects approximately 4 million US adults, or about 2% of the adult population. Women are diagnosed 2-3 times more often than men, though the gap may be narrower than previously thought due to historical underdiagnosis in men. The condition typically develops between ages 30 and 50.

Fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties (often called "fibro fog"). The exact cause remains unknown but is believed to involve central sensitization, where the brain and spinal cord amplify pain signals. Risk factors include family history, other rheumatic conditions (lupus, rheumatoid arthritis), repetitive injuries, infection, and emotional or physical trauma.

There is no cure, but symptoms can be managed with a multidisciplinary approach. Exercise is consistently shown to be the most effective single intervention, particularly aerobic exercise and strength training. FDA-approved medications include pregabalin, duloxetine, and milnacipran. Cognitive behavioral therapy, sleep hygiene improvements, stress management, and patient education are also important components of treatment. Many patients improve significantly with comprehensive management.