Probability of Developing Gout

Gout affects approximately 8.3 million US adults (3.9%), making it the most common form of inflammatory arthritis. Men are about three times more likely to develop gout than women, with peak incidence in men aged 40-60. Women's risk increases after menopause when the protective effect of estrogen on uric acid levels declines.

Gout is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints, resulting from chronically elevated blood uric acid levels (hyperuricemia). Risk factors include diet high in purines (red meat, organ meats, shellfish, beer), obesity, hypertension, kidney disease, certain medications (diuretics, low-dose aspirin), and genetics. The big toe is the most commonly affected joint (podagra).

Treatment involves acute management with NSAIDs, colchicine, or corticosteroids, and long-term urate-lowering therapy (allopurinol, febuxostat) for patients with recurrent attacks. The target serum urate level is below 6 mg/dL. Lifestyle modifications include limiting purine-rich foods, reducing alcohol intake (especially beer), weight loss, adequate hydration, and increasing low-fat dairy consumption. Untreated, gout can lead to joint destruction, kidney stones, and tophi (urate crystal deposits in soft tissues).