Probability of Developing Gum Disease

The CDC estimates that 47.2% of American adults aged 30 and older have some form of periodontal disease, ranging from mild gingivitis to severe periodontitis. Among adults 65 and older, the prevalence rises to about 70%. Severe periodontitis affects about 9% of adults.

Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria in dental plaque that trigger an inflammatory response. Risk factors include smoking (the strongest risk factor, increasing risk 2-3 times), diabetes, poor oral hygiene, genetics, hormonal changes, certain medications, and stress. Men are more likely to develop periodontal disease than women.

If untreated, periodontal disease destroys the bone and tissues supporting teeth, eventually leading to tooth loss. Research has also linked periodontal disease to increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes complications, respiratory infections, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Treatment ranges from professional cleaning and scaling to surgical interventions for advanced cases.