Probability of Developing Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects approximately 20 million Americans and is the leading cause of severe, irreversible vision loss in people over 50. The prevalence increases dramatically with age: about 2% of people in their 50s, 7% in their 60s, and over 30% of those 75 and older have some form of AMD.

AMD occurs in two forms: dry AMD (about 85-90% of cases), which involves gradual thinning of the macula, and wet AMD (10-15%), which involves abnormal blood vessel growth under the retina and causes more rapid vision loss. Risk factors include age, family history, smoking (which doubles the risk), obesity, high blood pressure, and light skin/eye color.

There is no cure for dry AMD, but AREDS2 supplements (vitamins C, E, zinc, copper, lutein, and zeaxanthin) can slow progression. Wet AMD can be treated with anti-VEGF injections, which have revolutionized outcomes. Regular eye exams with dilated pupils are essential for early detection, as symptoms may not appear until significant damage has occurred.