Probability of Having Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever)

Allergic rhinitis affects approximately 60 million Americans (about 20% of the population) each year. It is the most common allergic condition and one of the most common chronic conditions overall. Seasonal allergic rhinitis (triggered by pollen) and perennial allergic rhinitis (triggered by dust mites, pet dander, mold) are the two main forms.

Symptoms include sneezing, runny or stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and postnasal drip. While often considered a minor annoyance, allergic rhinitis significantly impacts quality of life, sleep quality, work productivity, and school performance. It costs the US economy about $18 billion per year in direct medical costs and lost productivity.

First-line treatments include intranasal corticosteroids (the most effective single treatment), second-generation antihistamines, and allergen avoidance. Immunotherapy (allergy shots or sublingual tablets) can provide long-term relief by desensitizing the immune system. Climate change is extending pollen seasons and increasing pollen counts, which is expected to worsen allergic rhinitis prevalence in coming decades.