Infant Death Risk from Birth Asphyxia (2024)

The National Center for Health Statistics reported 368 infant deaths from intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia in 2024, making it the number 10 leading cause of infant death in the United States. The NCHS figure table gives an infant mortality rate of 10.1 per 100,000 live births (about 1 in 9,901), and this cause accounted for 1.8% of all U.S. infant deaths that year.

This statistic is conditional on a live birth. It is not a rate for the whole population, and it is not the same thing as the probability that a pregnancy will have a poor outcome. Infant mortality rates are calculated as deaths under age 1 divided by live births in the same year, then expressed per 100,000 live births. That framing makes the number useful for comparing causes within the first year of life.

For decision-making, the main use is preparation rather than alarm. The national benchmark can help families, clinicians, and planners identify where prevention or readiness matters most: labor monitoring, timely obstetric escalation, neonatal resuscitation readiness, and choosing a delivery setting matched to pregnancy risk. Some risks can be reduced before birth, some depend on delivery setting and neonatal care, and some are detected only after birth.

Personal risk can differ greatly from the national rate. Prematurity, birth weight, congenital conditions, maternal health, prenatal care access, sleep environment, geography, and hospital capability can all change the picture. The value of the NCHS number is that it gives a grounded baseline before adding those individual factors. The cause category is coded with ICD-10 (P20-P21), so it should be used as a population-level reference rather than a clinical prediction for one infant.